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Command of Coalition Forces Supporting Legitimacy in Yemen

The Coalition Supporting Legitimacy in Yemen, formed in 2015, is a military alliance led by Saudi Arabia, supported by the UAE, Jordan, and Western partners like the U.S. and UK. Its mission: to restore Yemen’s internationally recognized government and counter Iran-backed Houthi rebels. The coalition’s naval blockades, airstrikes, and ground operations have had significant regional implications, with critics questioning civilian casualties and humanitarian fallout, while its supporters argue that Iranian-backed Houthis pose a direct threat to Gulf security.

History:

  • 2015: The Saudi-led coalition launched Operation Decisive Storm, initiating airstrikes against Houthi forces after they seized the capital Sana’a and forced President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi into exile.
  • 2015–Present: The coalition transitioned into Operation Restoring Hope, combining military operations, humanitarian assistance, and political initiatives to stabilize Yemen.
  • 2021–2023: In response to prolonged conflict and international pressure, the coalition engaged in UN-brokered ceasefires, while the UAE scaled back its military presence.

Major Characteristics, Initiatives, and Important Facts:

  • Air and Ground Campaigns: Coalition forces have conducted airstrikes, ground operations, and naval blockades to disrupt Houthi supply lines and prevent Iranian arms shipments.
  • Missile and Drone Defense: Saudi Arabia and UAE have intercepted Houthi ballistic missile and drone attacks, targeting Riyadh, Abu Dhabi, and key oil infrastructure.
  • Humanitarian Assistance: The coalition, along with international agencies, has provided food, medical aid, and reconstruction efforts despite accusations of blockades exacerbating the humanitarian crisis.
  • Naval Security and Anti-Piracy: Coalition naval forces monitor and secure maritime trade routes in the Red Sea and the Bab el Mandeb Strait.
  • Strategic Partnerships: The coalition cooperates with the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM), NATO allies, and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) security frameworks.

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