Moroccan-American Treaty of Peace and Friendship (1786–Present)

Morocco was the first country to recognize U.S. independence in 1777, and today, it remains one of Washington’s most reliable military partners in North Africa. As a Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA), Morocco engages in joint military exercises, counterterrorism cooperation, and intelligence-sharing with the U.S. Its strategic location along the Atlantic and Mediterranean makes it a key player in maritime security and regional stability, particularly as tensions rise in the Western Sahara and the Sahel.

Historical Context

Morocco Recognizes U.S. Independence (1777): Morocco was the first country to recognize the United States as an independent nation, issuing a decree in December 1777 allowing American ships to access Moroccan ports.
Treaty Negotiations (1786–1787): Negotiated by Thomas Barclay on behalf of the U.S. and signed by Sultan Mohammed III of Morocco. Ratified by the U.S. Congress in 1787, under the leadership of President George Washington.
Treaty Renewal and Modern Impact (1836–Present): Reaffirmed in 1836, ensuring permanent diplomatic ties between Morocco and the U.S. Continues to serve as a symbol of strong U.S.-Moroccan relations in trade, security, and diplomacy.

Key Provisions of the Treaty

Protection of U.S. Merchant Ships: Moroccan naval forces guaranteed safe passage for American vessels in the Mediterranean.
Trade and Diplomatic Relations: The treaty established a mutually beneficial trade relationship, exempting U.S. ships from certain taxes.
No Territorial Expansion: Morocco and the U.S. agreed not to interfere in each other’s domestic affairs or engage in territorial disputes.
Perpetuity Clause: The treaty explicitly states that it is valid “forever”, making it the longest-standing U.S. treaty still in effect.

Legacy and Modern U.S.-Morocco Relations

Strong Military and Security Ties: Morocco is a Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) of the U.S., hosting joint military exercises like African Lion. The U.S. provides defense assistance, counterterrorism support, and military training to Moroccan forces.
Economic and Trade Cooperation: The U.S.-Morocco Free Trade Agreement (2006) expanded bilateral trade and investment.
Cultural and Diplomatic Engagement: The treaty remains a symbol of historic friendship, celebrated in U.S.-Moroccan diplomatic events.

Strategic Significance

Gateway to Africa and the Mediterranean: Morocco plays a key role in U.S. security strategy in North Africa and the Sahel.
Counterterrorism and Stability Partner: Morocco is a leading U.S. ally in anti-extremism efforts in the region.
Diplomatic Influence: Morocco’s recognition of Israel in 2020 under the Abraham Accords was backed by the U.S., further strengthening ties.

Links

Full Text of the Treaty (U.S. National Archives)
U.S.-Morocco Military Partnership
U.S.-Morocco Free Trade Agreement (2006)