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Combined Maritime Forces (CMF)

The Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) is the largest naval coalition you’ve never heard of. A 34-nation naval partnership led by the U.S. and headquartered in Bahrain, the CMF is dedicated to securing the world’s busiest maritime routes. Unlike NATO or traditional alliances, CMF is a voluntary coalition, allowing nations to contribute ships and personnel at their discretion. Focused on anti-piracy, counterterrorism, and maritime security, CMF patrols vast waters stretching from the Persian Gulf to the Indian Ocean, safeguarding global trade routes from threats like Houthi rebels and Somali pirates.

History

  • Formation (2001): CMF was established to support U.S.-led maritime security efforts following the September 11 attacks, with an emphasis on counterterrorism and maritime stability.
  • Expansion of Mission (2009-Present): Over the years, CMF has broadened its focus to include counter-piracy, counter-narcotics operations, and regional security cooperation.
  • Operational Growth: CMF has expanded its reach through task forces that address specific threats, engaging in multinational naval patrols and interdiction efforts.

MANAMA, Bahrain (March 14, 2018) Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command Vice Adm. Chris Aquilino greets attendees at the Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) Commander’s Conference onboard Naval Station Bahrain. The conference brought together senior military leaders from more than 30 nations to discuss maritime strategy, counter piracy and emerging threats in the U.S. 5th Fleet area of operations. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Kevin J. Steinberg/Released)MANAMA, Bahrain (March 14, 2018) Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command Vice Adm. Chris Aquilino greets attendees at the Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) Commander’s Conference onboard Naval Station Bahrain. The conference brought together senior military leaders from more than 30 nations to discuss maritime strategy, counter piracy and emerging threats in the U.S. 5th Fleet area of operations. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Kevin J. Steinberg/Released)

Major Characteristics, Initiatives, and Important Facts

Key Task Forces within CMF:

  • Combined Task Force 150 (CTF-150): Focuses on maritime security and counterterrorism operations in the Indian Ocean and Gulf of Oman.
  • Combined Task Force 151 (CTF-151): Conducts counter-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden, Red Sea, and Somali Basin.
  • Combined Task Force 152 (CTF-152): Oversees maritime security in the Persian Gulf, working closely with regional navies.
  • Combined Task Force 153 (CTF-153): Established in 2022 to enhance Red Sea security and counter illicit trafficking.

CMF’s Operational Capabilities and Achievements:

  • Multinational Naval Presence: Over 40 nations contribute warships, aircraft, and personnel to CMF operations.
  • Maritime Interdiction: CMF has conducted numerous successful interdictions of illicit cargo, including weapons smuggling, narcotics trafficking, and illegal shipments.
  • Counter-Piracy Success: CMF played a crucial role in reducing Somali piracy through enhanced patrols and international cooperation.
  • Regional Partnership Engagements: Regular joint exercises and training programs with Middle Eastern, African, and Indo-Pacific naval forces.
  • Support for Freedom of Navigation: CMF actively patrols strategic chokepoints like the Strait of Hormuz, Bab el Mandeb, and Suez Canal.

Strategic Importance

  • Protects Global Trade: The CMF’s area of responsibility includes some of the world’s most important shipping lanes, ensuring the free flow of energy and commerce.
  • Enhances International Cooperation: CMF fosters interoperability and coordination among Western and regional naval forces.
  • Adapts to Emerging Threats: Continuously evolves to address threats such as drone attacks, cyber threats, and state-sponsored maritime aggression.

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